Neuromorphic Chips

**Originally Aired December 2005 on Glimpse of Tomorrow** Text Transcript

The term neuromorphic was coined by Carver Mead, in the late 1980s to describe Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) systems containing electronic analog circuits that mimic neuro-biological architectures present in the nervous system.

“The brain does not execute coded instructions; instead it activates links, or synapses, between neurons. Each such activation is equivalent to executing a digital instruction, so one can compare how many connections a brain activates every second with the number of instructions a computer executes during the same time. Synaptic activity is staggering: 10 quadrillion (1016) neural connections a second. It would take a million Intel Pentium-powered computers to match that rate—plus a few hundred megawatts to juice them up.”A group of innovative engineers are developing what they hope will one day become a silicon replica of biological functions.

This technology might as well go a long way to making visual recognition for computers and other smart sensors understand the environment they are in. As well as recognize the people in front of them. This technology will allow what is referred to as the silicon retina. The idea that a chip will directly process the input of light could revolutionize the digital photography and video industries. In fact Carver Mead and Federico Faggin (one of the inventors of the microprocessor) have formed a company called Foveon that is doing just that. The Foveon X3 directly captures red, green and blue light for every point in an image. This greatly reduces artificats in your images and is fundamentally more natural in appearance than a mosaic captured image. These chips are also the most logical to use when it comes to  AI allowing our future machines to truly see us.
Research is being done at many locations including Caltech’s Center for Neuromorphic Systems Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology and  Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich to take this technology beyond the lab and produce a marketable product. “Neuromorphic circuits emulate the complex interactions that occur among the various retinal cell types by replacing each cell’s axons and dendrites (signal pathways) with metal wires and each synapse with a transistor.”
Talk about a twist on the old saying an “eye for an eye”.

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